<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- generator="wordpress/2.1" -->
<rss version="2.0"
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
	xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/"
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	>

<channel>
	<title>Networked Music Review</title>
	<link>http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review</link>
	<description>Just another WordPress weblog</description>
	<pubDate>Wed, 20 Aug 2008 14:25:14 +0000</pubDate>
	<generator>http://wordpress.org/?v=2.1</generator>
	<language>en</language>
			<item>
		<title>Sampling: The Pioneers</title>
		<link>http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2008/08/06/sampling-the-pioneers/</link>
		<comments>http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2008/08/06/sampling-the-pioneers/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 06 Aug 2008 17:40:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>helen</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[history]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[sample]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2008/08/06/sampling-the-pioneers/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[sonicstate.com offers a new series called The Art of Sampling. The first part, called The Pioneers of Sampling, runs from 1900 to 1970,  and includes a 5:12 minute video.  
From the text: &#8230; Before digital sampling, sound manipulation was seen as a subversive and avante garde activity. Composers were ostracized for experimenting with [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img src='http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/sampling.jpg' alt='sampling.jpg' /><strong><a href="http://sonicstate.com/news/index.cfm?ntype=1">sonicstate.com</a></strong> offers a new series called <em>The Art of Sampling</em>. The first part, called <strong>The Pioneers of Sampling</strong>, runs from 1900 to 1970,  and includes a 5:12 minute video.  </p>
<p>From the text: <em>&#8230; Before digital sampling, sound manipulation was seen as a subversive and avante garde activity. Composers were ostracized for experimenting with found sound sources and a belief that music could exist outside the strict confines of the classical or popular domain. Yep, life was an exciting adventure if you were a liberal minded avante garde experimentalist trying to scratch a living back in the early 1900&#8217;s. And this is where our story begins. With the pioneers of sampling.</em> </p>
<p><em>Timeline - 1900-1970</p>
<p>The 1900&#8217;s<br />
1912<br />
Italian Futurist Luigi Russolo publishes the Futurist Manifesto, which proposes the composition of music based entirely on the use of sound sources from the environment.<br />
Electronic composer and innovator John Cage is born in LA.<br />
1913<br />
Russolo builds noise makers and hosts a concert of noise music. The instruments include 3 buzzers, 2 bursters, 1 thunderer, 1 shriller, 1 shatterer and 1 snorter.</p>
<p>1915<br />
Cabaret Voltaire opens in Zurich and Dadaism is born. With a passion for technology, the Dadaists create music based on the sounds of the new industrial machines.</p>
<p>1916<br />
Composer Erik Satie&#8217;s &#8216;Parade&#8217; is a collaboration with Cocteau, Picasso and Serge Diaghilev that employs a battery of sirens, car horns, typewriters, guns. The public are outraged by the performance.</p>
<p>The 1920&#8217;s<br />
1920<br />
Dadaist Stephen Wolpe uses 8 gramophones playing at different speeds.</p>
<p>1923<br />
Dadaist Kurt Schwitters sound poetry piece &#8216;Ursonate&#8217; is a random collage of ambience and found sound sources.</p>
<p>1926<br />
Computer pioneer Max Matthews is born in Nebraska.</p>
<p>1928<br />
Karlheinz Stockhausen is born near Cologne.</p>
<p>1929</p>
<p>Akai is founded in Japan by electronic engineer Masukichi Akai who begins producing radio components from a shed at his family home, helped only by members of his immediate family.</p>
<p>The 1930&#8217;s<br />
1931<br />
Edgard Varese&#8217;s &#8216;Ionisation&#8217; is a 37 piece showcase for 13 percussionists.</p>
<p>1933<br />
James Brown is born in South Carolina.</p>
<p>1935<br />
Invention of the first tape recorder the Magnetophon.<br />
Minimalist composer Terry Riley is born in California.</p>
<p></em></p>
<p>To know what happened after 1935, go to: <a href="http://sonicstate.com/news/shownews.cfm?newsid=7076#">http://sonicstate.com/news/shownews.cfm?newsid=7076#</a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2008/08/06/sampling-the-pioneers/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>David Morneau&#8217;s music podcasts to conclude</title>
		<link>http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2008/06/17/david-morneaus-music-podcast-concludes/</link>
		<comments>http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2008/06/17/david-morneaus-music-podcast-concludes/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 17 Jun 2008 15:16:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>helen</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[music]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[sample]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[processing]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[podcast]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[8bit]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[acousmatic]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2008/06/17/david-morneaus-music-podcast-concludes/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[David Morneau will bring his composition-a-day project, 60&#215;365, to an end on June 30th. You can hear the conclusion by visiting http://60&#215;365.com 
Every day for the past year, Morneau has composed and posted a new sixty-second composition. That’s just over six hours of new music in sixty-second installments. For this project, Morneau explored a wide [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img src='http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/wp-content/uploads/2007/11/david_morneau.jpg' alt='david_morneau.jpg' /><em>David Mornea</em>u will bring his composition-a-day project, <strong><a href="http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2007/11/09/david-morneau-a-composition-a-day/">60&#215;365</a></strong>, to an end on June 30th. You can hear the conclusion by visiting <a href="http://60X365.com">http://60&#215;365.com</a> </p>
<p>Every day for the past year, Morneau has composed and posted a new sixty-second composition. That’s just over six hours of new music in sixty-second installments. For this project, Morneau explored a wide variety of musical styles and techniques, including musique concrète, sine wave synthesis, digital sampling, 8-bit constructions, process music, acousmatic composition, and post-techno beat manipulations. He found the requirement to make a new, complete piece every day an exhilarating challenge, and reveled in the constant variety of ideas the project embraced. This project began as a challenge to compose more, and ended up as an audio diary of the past year.</p>
<p>Morneau chose to compose specifically for the internet because of an interest in its effect on the creation and dissemination of music and art. One-minute compositions are easy to download. The podcast format encouraged listener subscription. 60&#215;365 was presented as a series of shorter pieces over time, in a particular order. However, this order was only one possibility. Some listeners waited until many pieces were posted and then chose their own path through the archive. Some listened with headphones, some with computer speakers of varying quality, some on a mobile device, some listened with friends, some listened alone.</p>
<p>The entire project will remain online at http://60&#215;365.com where listeners can explore the archive by date, by title, and by category. <a href="http://5of4.com">http://5of4.com</a><br />
<a href="http://60x365.com">http://60&#215;365.com</a></p>
<p>Selections from 60&#215;365 will be included in a radio broadcast as part of the 2008 Expo Brighton, a festival of sound art and experimental music in Brighton, UK. The festival will take place July 4-6. </p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2008/06/17/david-morneaus-music-podcast-concludes/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Tobias c. van Veen Interview by Greg Smith</title>
		<link>http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2008/04/11/tobias-c-van-veen-interview-by-greg-smith/</link>
		<comments>http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2008/04/11/tobias-c-van-veen-interview-by-greg-smith/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 11 Apr 2008 17:22:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>jo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[networked]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[music]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[sound]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[sample]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[interviews/other]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2008/04/11/tobias-c-van-veen-interview-by-greg-smith/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Last fall I posted about espaceSONO, a sound art show at the SAT in Montreal curated by Tobias c. van Veen. Tobias is an old friend who is active as a musician and DJ, curator and critic and in his spare time he plugs away on his Ph.D in communication &#38; philosophy at McGill. I [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img src='http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/van-veen-placard.jpg' alt='van-veen-placard.jpg' />Last fall I <a href="http://serialconsign.com/node/130">posted about</a> espaceSONO, a sound art show at the <a href="http://www.sat.qc.ca/index.php?lang=en">SAT</a> in Montreal curated by <a href="http://quadrantcrossing.org/blog/">Tobias c. van Veen</a>. Tobias is an old friend who is active as a musician and DJ, curator and critic and in his spare time he plugs away on his Ph.D in communication &amp; philosophy at McGill. I have wanted to interview Tobias about his creative practice for a while, but we have held off having this dialog for several months so we could  specifically address his new <a href="http://turbulence.org/">turbulence</a>-commissioned project, <a href="http://transition.turbulence.org/Works/earos/">&#8217;til death do us a part</a>. Tobias will be performing this piece and participating in the <a href="http://csis.pace.edu/digitalgallery/ProgrammableMedia/2008.html">Programmable Media II</a> symposium in New York City (today) at Pace University.</p>
<p>Greg Smith: <strong>Your recently launched turbulence piece &#8217;til death do us a part is decidely lo-tech. Not only is underlying reel-to-reel technology slightly archaic but even your references are coated with a fine layer of dust. Listening through the piece, it feels very much like an autopsy for &#8220;dead media.&#8221; Could you talk about the inspiration for the piece?</strong> Continue reading on <a href="http://serialconsign.com/node/201">Serial Consign</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2008/04/11/tobias-c-van-veen-interview-by-greg-smith/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Live Stage: Mask/Mirror [Brooklyn]</title>
		<link>http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2008/03/25/live-stage-maskmirror-brooklyn/</link>
		<comments>http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2008/03/25/live-stage-maskmirror-brooklyn/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Mar 2008 21:15:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>jo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[livestage]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[performance]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[recording]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[voice]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[improvisation]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[sample]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[identity]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[spoken word]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[language]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2008/03/25/live-stage-maskmirror-brooklyn/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Diapason gallery for sound and intermedia presents Alessandro Bosetti and Christian Kesten&#8217;s Mask/Mirror, a performance :: March 29, 2008; 8:00 pm :: Diapason, 882 Third Avenue (between 32nd and 33rd Street), 10th floor, Brooklyn, NY.
A few months ago I wrote a note to myself: &#8220;Try to create a mask that that doesn’t have anything to [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img src='http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/wp-content/uploads/2008/03/hername02.jpg' alt='hername02.jpg' />Diapason gallery for sound and intermedia presents Alessandro Bosetti and Christian Kesten&#8217;s <strong>Mask/Mirror</strong>, a performance :: March 29, 2008; 8:00 pm :: Diapason, 882 Third Avenue (between 32nd and 33rd Street), 10th floor, Brooklyn, NY.</p>
<p>A few months ago I wrote a note to myself: &#8220;Try to create a mask that that doesn’t have anything to do with anything&#8221; and kept wondering what that could mean until I started to imagine <strong>Mask/Mirror</strong>. <strong>Mask/Mirror</strong> a sampler to process recordings of spoken language in real time&#8230; The sampler follows both sound and meaning criteria in sorting, organizing and processing samples and in formulating utterances. It is a software tool based on MaxMSP and speech recognition software interacting with my own voice during performances. It&#8217;s also a state of mind enabling expanded spoken and vocal improvisation, expanded communication and ecstasy.</p>
<p>It has been developed in collaboration with Harvestworks Digital Arts Center in New York and STEIM in Amsterdam. <strong>Mask/Mirror</strong> has to do with virtually everything but at the same time it does not have anything special to do with anything special. As well as being a blank mask I can put on my face - and my voice - it&#8217;s also a mirror that let me browse and talk to my memory while I am watching into it.</p>
<p>All mirrors are masks and vice versa. Both are tools enabling identity.</p>
<p><em>&#8220;It is difficult not to treat <strong>Mask/Mirror</strong>, with its randomized garble of words, as a willfully cryptic Oracle of Delphi reincarnated as an Apple laptop. While Bosetti had described the project as &#8220;about the aboutness of being about&#8221; what Noise got out all of this is that it&#8217;s devilishly hard not to seek meaning even where it&#8217;s clear none is forthcoming. Not until the program, in a moment of absurd hilarity, spit forth the word &#8220;hamburgers&#8221; did it all click: <strong>Mask/Mirror</strong> is a tool for shearing all meaning from language. It&#8217;s a liberation, of sorts, like the sound version of Rorschach tests: The mind is encouraged to wander freely and delight in words purely for their sound. In the information overload of contemporary times, <strong>Mask/Mirror&#8217;s</strong> playful rupturing of sense&#8211;its nonsense, in other words&#8211;is a welcome respite.&#8221;</em> Raven Baker - Noise/Citypaper</p>
<p>ALESSANDRO BOSETTI, voice, electronics, Berlin / Milano / Baltimore: <a href="http://www.melgun.net">Alessandro Bosetti</a>, composer and sound artist, was born in Milan, Italy in 1973. He works on the musicality of spoken words and unusual aspects of spoken communication and produced text-sound compositions featured in live performances, radio broadcastings and published recordings. In his work he moves on the line between sound anthropology and composition often including translation and misunderstanding in the creative process. Field research and interviews often build the basis for his abstract compositions along with electro-acoustic and acoustic collages, relational strategies,trained and untrained instrumental practices, vocal explorations and digital manipulations. Since he&#8217;s curious about differences he travels. Just in 2006 he&#8217;s been living and working in West Africa, China, Taiwan, Holland, Scandinavia, United States , Germany and Italy. For the future he plans to be living and working between Berlin (D), Milano (I) and Baltimore (USA).</p>
<p>CHRISTIAN KESTEN, voice, Berlin, Germany: <a href="http://www.christiankesten.de">Christian Kesten</a> was born in 1966 and works as composer, performance artist, vocalist and stage director. He lives in Berlin, Germany. His interest lies in the &#8220;space in-between&#8221;: between music and theatre, music and language, between music and the visual arts. His pieces work with the space which opens up between the sound of language and the parallel, non-illustrative action (-cycling 1990; des Kleinen Übergewicht 1995; 45 seconds 2006). They make use of everyday spaces and their sounds, including works made for train stations, in which minimal sounds of winds and brass are spread over the station and mixed with sounds of trains and passers-by (nordbahnhof 1996, bahnhof westend 1996, bahnhof zoo 1997). welcome home is written for the squeaking doors of the Nordbahnhof station in Berlin and two violins which mirror the door sounds: the passers-by experience the music while on the move. In (o.T.) für klarinette in einem raum mit langem nachhall 1(1999) and 2(2000) [(without title) for clarinet in a space with a long reverberation time] the clarinet plays to its own reverberation as a second voice, microtonally, and thus refers to the presence of space. parochial (1998) – for the group &#8220;Maulwerker&#8221; (4 female voices, trumpet/voice, clarinet/voice, alto saxophone + additional instruments) – was written especially for the space of the Parochialkirche in Berlin: sculptural shaped sounds are moved in space, while trumpet, clarinet and sax move mostly outside the space and so extending acoustic perception beyond the walls of the church.</p>
<p>Recently he developed the &#8220;video audio field recording&#8221;, by recording field sounds with a video camera, composing dense and light sound textures of field recordings and live instruments. The projected images are always fixed camera angles, filming spaces in-between, the incidental, the mundane: the Los Angeles catalogue; dodger stadium; cypress park; urban cafe restroom (all 2007). Kesten studied at the University of Arts (UdK) Berlin (Music: guitar, piano, voice; counterpoint/twelvetone-technique with H.Fladt; musicological thesis on &#8220;Silence in the works of John Cage and Morton Feldman&#8221;; Experimental music and music-theatre with Dieter Schnebel | Performance Art | Projects with the stage design class of Achim Freyer) and TU Berlin (German literature and linguistics). 1989-91 he studied privately with Michael Vetter (overtone singing, vocal improvisation, calligraphy/notation etc.). Movement studies with various teachers (Amos Hetz a.o.).</p>
<p>Since 1987, he has been performing new vocal music and experimental music-theatre throughout Europe and in New York, Rio de Janeiro, Israel, Moscow and Tokyo. He currently works with the ensemble &#8220;Maulwerker&#8221; and as soloist. In a long collaboration with Dieter Schnebel he premiered most of his music theatre works since 1987. He has recently worked with Alessandro Bosetti, Jacques Demierre, Chico Mello, Makiko Nishikaze, Iris ter Schiphorst, who wrote solo works or operas for him. Kesten conceives and curates the series &#8220;maulwerker performing music&#8221; (since 2005) in Berlin with programs like ?poems for feet“, ?pro cedere. Music as Process“, &#8220;Situationen.. Interpenetrations of art and life&#8221; or &#8220;Halt’s Maul. Screaming pieces from four decades&#8221;, with World Premieres by Antonia Baehr, Alessandro Bosetti, Bill Dietz, Jürg Frey, Robin Hayward, David Helbich, Michael Hirsch, Sven-Åke Johansson, Travis Just, Christian Kesten, Andrea Neumann, Pauline Oliveros, Dieter Schnebel, Emmett Williams, István Zelenka, a.o. Since 2006, he is co-curator of the experimental music concert series Labor Sonor at KULE Berlin.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.diapasongallery.org">Diapason gallery for sound and intermedia</a> was founded by composer Michael J. Schumacher in 2001 and its program builds on the efforts of Schumacher’s previous sound space, Studio Five Beekman, founded in 1996. Diapason is the sole venue in New York City and one of few internationally dedicated to the presentation of multichannel sound installation where composers and sound artists can realize their work for an interested public. By providing an optimum listening environment, two high quality multi-channel sound systems, a regular audience, and a place for experimentation, Diapason seeks to engage composers and the public in dialogue about the place of contemporary music and sound practice in a broader cultural context. Diapason is supported by NYSCA, the New York City Department of Cultural Affairs, the Phaedrus Foundation, the Foundation for Contemporary Performance Arts, The Trust for Mutual Understanding, Kirk Radke, and by generous individuals. Diapason is a 501(c)3 organization.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2008/03/25/live-stage-maskmirror-brooklyn/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Net_Music_Weekly: Song of Solomon</title>
		<link>http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2008/03/18/net_music_weekly-song-of-solomon/</link>
		<comments>http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2008/03/18/net_music_weekly-song-of-solomon/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 18 Mar 2008 19:24:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>jo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[music]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[installation]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[software]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[net_music_weekly]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[remix]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[mashup]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[copyright]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[sample]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[composer]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[chance]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2008/03/18/net_music_weekly-song-of-solomon/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[[Image: Solomon Linda and the Evening Birds, ca. 1941]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img src='http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/wp-content/uploads/2008/03/sos_1.jpg' alt='sos_1.jpg' /><small><em>[Image: Solomon Linda and the Evening Birds, ca. 1941]</em</small> <a href="http://ralphborland.net/sos/index.html"><strong>Song of Solomon</strong></a> &#8212; by <a href="http://ralphborland.net">Ralph Borland</a> and <a href="http://liberationchabalala.net/">Julian Jonker</a> &#8212; is an aleatoric audio collage and 8-channel installation that samples many versions of <em>Mbube</em>, aka <em>Wimoweh</em> aka <em>The Lion Sleeps Tonight</em>, in a sonic tribute to the song&#8217;s dead author <em>Solomon Linda</em>. <em>By fragmenting and reordering compositional fragments of this &#8217;song of songs&#8217;, the installation questions the assumptions about compositional innovation and imitation that inform Western intellectual property law. In this jungle of sounds, the dead Author rests.</em></p>
<p></p>
<p>In 1939, the Evening Birds recorded Solomon Linda&#8217;s <em>Mbube</em> in Johannesburg, South Africa for ten shillings. It was a hit for years, selling as many as 100 000 copies. Ten years after its release, <em>Pete Seeger</em> made a recording of the song as <em>Wimoweh</em>, which went to number 6 on the charts. Then, in 1961, songwriter <em>George David Weiss</em> added ten words and a new arrangement, and the song was reborn once again as <em>The Lion Sleeps Tonight</em>. The song also became, to a large extent, Weiss&#8217; intellectual property. <em>Solomon Linda</em> died a pauper in 1962, and his struggling daughters received none of the almost $15 million that the song is estimated to have generated in its career. It was only in 2006 that Weiss&#8217; publisher agreed, under threat of legal suit, to pay royalties to Linda&#8217;s estate.</p>
<p>This narrative of the lineage of <em>Mbube / Wimoweh / A Lion Sleeps Tonight</em>, with its focus on originality, ownership and theft, is framed by the international discourse of intellectual property law that emanates from the global North. This framework privileges stories of individual authorship and original genius, obscuring other, more complex stories of collective authorship, cultural flow and genre formation. Indeed, &#8216;mbube&#8217;, which is both the name of a song and the name of a generic style of performance, participates in complex lineages of cultural flow across the Black Atlantic, such as the importation to South Africa of African-American practices of jubilee singing and minstrels by Orpheus MacAdoo in the 1890&#8217;s.</p>
<p><img src='http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/wp-content/uploads/2008/03/sos_2.jpg' alt='sos_2.jpg' />For  <strong>Song of Solomon</strong>, <em>Jonker</em> and <em>Borland</em> drew on the estimated 400 recorded versions of <em>Mbube / Wimoweh / A Lion Sleeps Tonight</em>, as well as other examples of the mbube genre and older ancestral forms. &#8216;Morpheus&#8217;, a custom-built software application, samples these musical texts, continually arranging and rearranging &#8216;original&#8217; and &#8216;imitated&#8217; compositional elements across the installation space. </p>
<p>Read more about the project on Borland&#8217;s <a href="http://ralphborland.net/sos/index.html">website</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2008/03/18/net_music_weekly-song-of-solomon/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
<enclosure url='http://ralphborland.net/audio/sos_3min.mp3' length='4259320' type='audio/mpeg'/>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Sound Unbound: Sampling Digital Music and Culture</title>
		<link>http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2008/03/17/sound-unbound-sampling-digital-music-and-culture/</link>
		<comments>http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2008/03/17/sound-unbound-sampling-digital-music-and-culture/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 17 Mar 2008 19:36:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>jo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[music]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[remix]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[sample]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[writings]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2008/03/17/sound-unbound-sampling-digital-music-and-culture/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Sound Unbound: Sampling Digital Music and Culture - Edited by Paul D. Miller aka Dj Spooky that Subliminal Kid.
If Rhythm Science was about the flow of things, Sound Unbound is about the remix&#8211;how music, art, and literature have blurred the lines between what an artist can do and what a composer can create. In Sound [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img src='http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/wp-content/uploads/2008/03/0262633639-f30.jpg' alt='0262633639-f30.jpg' /><a href="http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&#038;tid=11401"><strong>Sound Unbound: Sampling Digital Music and Culture</strong></a> - Edited by <em>Paul D. Miller aka Dj Spooky that Subliminal Kid</em>.</p>
<p>If <em><a href="http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&#038;tid=10060">Rhythm Science</a></em> was about the flow of things, <strong>Sound Unbound</strong> is about the remix&#8211;how music, art, and literature have blurred the lines between what an artist can do and what a composer can create. In <strong>Sound Unbound</strong>, <em>Rhythm Science</em> author <em>Paul Miller aka DJ Spooky that Subliminal Kid</em> asks artists to describe their work and compositional strategies in their own words. These are reports from the front lines on the role of sound and digital media in an information-based society. The topics are as diverse as the contributors: composer Steve Reich offers a memoir of his life with technology, from tape loops to video opera; <em>Miller</em> himself considers sampling and civilization; novelist <em>Jonathan Lethem</em> writes about appropriation and plagiarism; science fiction writer <em>Bruce Sterling</em> looks at dead media; <em>Ron Eglash</em> examines racial signifiers in electrical engineering; media activist <em>Naeem Mohaiemen</em> explores the influence of Islam on hip hop; rapper <em>Chuck D</em> contributes &#8220;Three Pieces&#8221;; musician <em>Brian Eno</em> explores the sound and history of bells; <em>Hans Ulrich Obrist</em> and <em>Philippe Parreno</em> interview composer-conductor <em>Pierre Boulez</em>; and much more. &#8220;Press &#8216;play,&#8217;&#8221; Miller writes, &#8220;and this anthology says &#8216;here goes.&#8217;&#8221; The groundbreaking mix CD that accompanies the book features Nam Jun Paik, the Dada Movement, John Cage, Sonic Youth, and many other examples of avant-garde music. Most of the CD&#8217;s content comes from the archives of Sub Rosa, a legendary record label that has been the benchmark for archival sounds since the beginnings of electronic music.</p>
<p>Contributors: David Allenby, Pierre Boulez, Catherine Corman, Chuck D, Erik Davis, Scott De Lahunta, Manuel DeLanda, Cory Doctorow, Eveline Domnitch, Frances Dyson, Ron Eglash, Brian Eno, Dmitry Gelfand, Dick Hebdige, Lee Hirsch, Vijay Iyer, Ken Jordan, Douglas Kahn, Daphne Keller, Beryl Korot, Jaron Lanier, Joseph Lanza, Jonathan Lethem, Carlo McCormick, Paul D. Miller aka DJ Spooky that Subliminal Kid, Moby, Naeem Mohaiemen, Alondra Nelson, Keith and Mendi Obadike, Hans Ulrich Obrist, Pauline Oliveros, Philippe Parreno, Ibrahim Quraishi, Steve Reich, Simon Reynolds, Scanner aka Robin Rimbaud, Nadine Robinson, Daniel Bernard Roumain (DBR), Alex Steinweiss, Bruce Sterling, Lucy Walker, Saul Williams, Jeff E. Winner.</p>
<p>Special thanks for Editorial Assistance to Roy Christopher.</p>
<p>About the Editor</p>
<p>Paul D. Miller aka DJ Spooky that Subliminal Kid is a conceptual artist, writer, and musician living and working in New York City. His artwork has appeared in the Whitney Biennial, the Venice Biennale for Architecture, the Andy Warhol Museum, and many other venues. His written work has appeared in such publications as the Village Voice and Artforum. He is an editor of the magazine 21c (www.21cmagazine.com) and the author of Rhythm Science (MIT Press, 2004).</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2008/03/17/sound-unbound-sampling-digital-music-and-culture/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Art of Sampling at MCASD, CA</title>
		<link>http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2007/10/08/the-art-of-sampling-at-mcasd-ca/</link>
		<comments>http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2007/10/08/the-art-of-sampling-at-mcasd-ca/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 08 Oct 2007 23:10:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>helen</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[history]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[sound]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[sample]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[exhibition]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2007/10/08/the-art-of-sampling-at-mcasd-ca/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[SOUNDWAVES: THE ART OF SAMPLING :: MCASD LA JOLLA :: SEPTEMBER 23 - DECEMBER 30, 2007 :: Selections on view through May 4, 2008.
Sound has played a significant role in the development of modern and contemporary art, from the visual references of Wassily Kandinsky and Piet Mondrian in the early 20th-century to the aural experimentations [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img src='http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/boursier_mougenot2_web.jpg' alt='boursier_mougenot2_web.jpg' /><strong><a href="http://www.mcasd.org/exhibitions/index.asp">SOUNDWAVES: THE ART OF SAMPLING</a></strong> :: MCASD LA JOLLA :: SEPTEMBER 23 - DECEMBER 30, 2007 :: Selections on view through May 4, 2008.</p>
<p>Sound has played a significant role in the development of modern and contemporary art, from the visual references of Wassily Kandinsky and Piet Mondrian in the early 20th-century to the aural experimentations of Nam June Paik and John Cage in the 1960s. <strong>Soundwaves: The Art of Sampling</strong> looks at a specifically late 20th-century manifestation of the conjunction of art and sound, and features artists in MCASD’s collection, such as Tim Bavington, Celeste Boursier-Mougenot, Sean Duffy, Julio Cesar Morales, Dario Robleto, and Steve Roden, who appropriate the musical process of sampling in their work, either through the incorporation of found sound or through visual and material references.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.mcasd.org/exhibitions/index.asp">Download</a> and listen to the Soundwaves audio tour on your MP3 player.</p>
<p>Image: Céleste Boursier-Mougenot, Untitled (series #3), 2001, set of 3 inflatable plastic pools, 3 pumps, water, 93 assorted bowls, water, 21 stem glasses, 3 immersion heaters, Clorox. Museum purchase, International and Contemporary Collectors Funds.</p>
<p>Thanks to <a href="http://rhizome.org/editorial/archives/124">Rhizome</a> and William Hanley.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2007/10/08/the-art-of-sampling-at-mcasd-ca/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Vague Terrain 07: Sample Culture Revisited</title>
		<link>http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2007/06/26/vagueterrain-07-sample-culture-revisited/</link>
		<comments>http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2007/06/26/vagueterrain-07-sample-culture-revisited/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 26 Jun 2007 16:04:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>jo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[VJ/DJ]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[remix]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[sample]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[cassette]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2007/06/26/vagueterrain-07-sample-culture-revisited/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[this is not memorex: sample culture revisited by Greg Smith - In familiarizing myself with this work over the past few weeks, I’ve felt an odd sense of nostalgia developing. These projects collectively highlight various facets of what we have dubbed sample culture, that is the continued evolution of the triumph of the fragment. There [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img src='http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/wp-content/uploads/2007/06/cassette_tape.jpg' alt='cassette_tape.jpg' /><strong><a href="http://www.vagueterrain.net/content/archives/journal07/journal07.html">this is not memorex: sample culture revisited</a></strong> by Greg Smith - In familiarizing myself with this work over the past few weeks, I’ve felt an odd sense of nostalgia developing. These projects collectively highlight various facets of what we have dubbed sample culture, that is the continued evolution of the triumph of the fragment. There are dozens of threads that can be traced back to the 1980s and while I am personally indebted to the potent combination of <em>Brian Eno</em> and <em>David Byrne</em>, the perpetual litigation of <em>Negativland</em>, and the sonic collage of the <em>Bomb Squad</em>, I am going to instead direct my attention to another dusty artifact from collective memory.</p>
<p>A few years ago while perusing soulseek, I stumbled across a collection of recorded DJ mixes that had been aired on WJLB in Detroit in the late 1980s. These tapes documented a few choice moments in the mix from the storied career of The Wizard (aka Jeff Mills). Nestled amongst the flurry of tracks were the expected station IDs as well as a recorded message that repeatedly reminded me that “THIS IS NOT MEMOREX,” that is, the performance was not pre-taped. As I sat there post-listening, I found it very odd that the audience would need to be reassured that the editing and reconfiguring of largely sample based music was not itself sampled (read: studio constructed). <a href="http://www.vagueterrain.net/content/archives/journal07/journal07.html">More >></a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2007/06/26/vagueterrain-07-sample-culture-revisited/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Live Stage: Famous Actors [NYC]</title>
		<link>http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2007/06/19/live-stage-famous-actors-nyc/</link>
		<comments>http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2007/06/19/live-stage-famous-actors-nyc/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 19 Jun 2007 15:22:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>jo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[music]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[theater]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[installation]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[performance]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[experimental]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[voice]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[sample]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[processing]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2007/06/19/live-stage-famous-actors-nyc/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Object Collection presents FAMOUS ACTORS, experimental music / theater :: June 17-19, and 21-23, 2007 :: Ontological Theater, St. Mark&#8217;s Church, 131 East 10th Street and 2nd Ave, NYC :: Tickets $12 with code word &#8220;cakes&#8221; :: 212.352.3101.
FAMOUS ACTORS is a performance / installation that applies the logic of experimental music to everyday human behavior. [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img src='http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/wp-content/uploads/2007/06/fa_mainpic.jpg' alt='fa_mainpic.jpg' /><a href="http://www.objectcollection.us/">Object Collection</a> presents <strong>FAMOUS ACTORS</strong>, experimental music / theater :: June 17-19, and 21-23, 2007 :: Ontological Theater, St. Mark&#8217;s Church, 131 East 10th Street and 2nd Ave, NYC :: <a href="http://www.ontological.com">Tickets</a> $12 with code word &#8220;cakes&#8221; :: 212.352.3101.</p>
<p><strong>FAMOUS ACTORS</strong> is a performance / installation that applies the logic of experimental music to everyday human behavior. The actor is re-defined in a clinical context as someone who: 1) alters another&#8217;s state of consciousness through scientific means; 2) monitors something or someone closely; and 3) maintains calm in a complex situation. What results is an intricate arrangement of very familiar things. Featuring rhythmically notated gestures and conversations, field recordings and live vocal sampling / processing.</p>
<p>written and directed by Kara Feely<br />
music and sound by Travis Just<br />
production design by Hannah Dougherty<br />
lighting design by Miranda Hardy<br />
with: Ross Beschler, Avi Glickstein, Annie Kunjappy, Daniel Allen Nelson, Jessica Grace Pagan, Zuzanna Szadkowski<br />
assistant director: Kyra Settle<br />
assistant designers: Amelia Freeman-Lynde, Peiyi Wong</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2007/06/19/live-stage-famous-actors-nyc/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Live Stage: Tate Modern [London]</title>
		<link>http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2007/05/25/live-stage-tate-modern-london/</link>
		<comments>http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2007/05/25/live-stage-tate-modern-london/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 25 May 2007 15:31:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>jo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[collaboration]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[radio]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[platform]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[installation]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[sound]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[live]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[tool]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[event]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[livestage]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[remix]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[performance]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[generative]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[space]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[recording]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[experimental]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[improvisation]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[toy]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[circuit bending]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[sample]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[acoustic]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[sound sculpture]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2007/05/25/live-stage-tate-modern-london/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Tate Modern: Free in the Turbine Hall :: Mathieu Briand SYS*011. Mie>AbE/SoS\ SYS*010, aka the Spiral + More:: May 25, 17.00–18.00 pm and May 26, 10.00 am -18.00 pm.
SYS*011. Mie>AbE/SoS\ SYS*010, aka the Spiral is a sculptural sound installation and performance space created by the French artist Mathieu Briand (b1972). It comprises five turntables, one [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.tate.org.uk/modern/thelongweekend2007/9031.htm">Tate Modern</a>: Free in the Turbine Hall :: <em>Mathieu Briand</em> <strong>SYS*011. Mie>AbE/SoS\ SYS*010, aka the Spiral</strong> + More<img src='http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/wp-content/uploads/2007/05/proflou.jpg' alt='proflou.jpg' />:: May 25, 17.00–18.00 pm and May 26, 10.00 am -18.00 pm.</p>
<p><strong><a href="http://www.mathieubriand.com/sys-htm/sys011.htm">SYS*011. Mie>AbE/SoS\ SYS*010, aka the Spiral</a></strong> is a sculptural sound installation and performance space created by the French artist <em>Mathieu Briand</em> (b1972). It comprises five turntables, one etching machine to burn new vinyl records, a matrix of four vinyl records on which sounds from machines and other samples have been etched into locked groove loops by the artist, two mixing desks and the possibility of plugging in up to seven additional instruments, laptops and other hardware. Mathieu Briand&#8217;s Spiral intends to create an alternative space within the museum structure. He envisions this installation as a &#8220;Temporary Autonomous Zone&#8221; (Hakim Bey) that would disrupt the traditional structure of the museum by deconstructing its hierarchies and altering its rules for a certain period of time.</p>
<p>On Saturday, Briand and experimental DJs, MCs and sound artists from the UK: Sarah Washington and Xentos &#8216;Fray&#8217; Bentos, SI-CUT.DB, Charlie Dark, The Bug in collaboration with Spaceape and Radio Active Man will perform live within the Spiral, exploring its potential for sampling sounds and re-mixing them on open decks. It will be turned into an eclectic performative platform as well as a massive, experimental sound recording studio.</p>
<p>Programme</p>
<p>12.00  Mathieu Briand<br />
13.00  Sarah Washington and Xentos &#8216;Fray&#8217; Bentos<br />
14.00  SI-CUT.DB<br />
15.00  Charlie Dark<br />
16.00  The Bug in collaboration with Spaceape<br />
17.00  Radio Active Man</p>
<p>Biographies</p>
<p><strong>Charlie Dark</strong> first popped onto the musical radar back in the nineties as a DJ and founding father of Hip-Hop-inspired trio Attica Blues, releasing records on James Lavelle&#8217;s Mo Wax Records and Sony Records respectively. As a remixer and producer his distinctive drum driven sound has found favor with a multitude of artists from around the world gracing the turntables of DJs in the know from many different scenes. When not buried deep in the studio Charlie can be found in classrooms across the county sharing his love of poetry and creative writing and helping young people discover their inner voices. In the remaining midnight hours Charlie heads a loose collective of artists known as <a href="http://www.blacktronica.com">Blacktronica</a>, holds a monthly gathering at the BFI and spins records in clubs across the globe. On this occasion he&#8217;ll be debuting brand new work under his new Bass Poet moniker, a fusion of Dub, Hip Hop and spoken word.</p>
<p><strong>Xentos &#8216;Fray&#8217; Bentos</strong> is an unwilling hero of the London sound art underworld. Over 30 years he has continued to amaze, confound and wrong-foot his peers, ultimately creating a world-wide fanatical following for his prolific and unclassifiable work. From his un-humble beginnings as the fresh-faced firebrand bass player of a cult punk band, his personas soon became unlimited, including the ever-popular <a href="http://podcasts.resonancefm.com/archives/category/shows/the-harmon-e-phraisyar">Harmon E. Phraisyar</a> of the eponymous Resonance 104.4FM radio serial. The latter serves as a cunning vehicle for him to kill off characters from the world of improvised music. He did not write this biography.</p>
<p><strong>Sarah Washington</strong> is an artist and an cultural coordinator working with sound and radio. Formerly a Director of the London Musicians&#8217; Collective, she helped set-up the radio station Resonance 104.4FM. For her performances she creates hand-made electronic instruments by circuit bending toys, and utilizes ultrasonic devices and radio technology. Sarah creates innovative radio works, writes articles on radio and sound art, and teaches workshops for cultural institutions across Europe. She helped instigate the international network of independent radio stations called Radia and has been on the road since 2005 with the travelling European radio and sound art project <a href="http://www.mobile-radio.net">Mobile Radio</a>.</p>
<p><strong>Kevin Martin</strong> has recorded as God, Experimental Audio Research, Techno Animal, The Sidewinder, Ice and The Bug. At present, Kevin Martin works solo as The Bug. He recorded for Rephlex, Wordsound, Tigerbeat 6 and Klein in the past, and<br />
is now recording an album for Ninja Tune. He has received public praise from the likes of Aphex Twin, Massive Attack, Radiohead&#8217;s Thom Yorke, The Special&#8217;s Jerry Dammers and Adrian Sherwood. For the upcoming Tate Modern performance he will<br />
collaborate with spoken word artist, <strong>Spaceap</strong>e. Spaceape has recorded a critically acclaimed album for the Hyperdub label (Home to Burial), with long term collaborator Kode 9. For their collaboration debut, the Bug will soundtrack Spaceape&#8217;s afro-futurist poetry with heavyweight rhythms and electronic abrasion, fusing the deepest dub with intense ragga and experimental soundscapes.</p>
<p><strong>Keith Tenniswood</strong> aka <em>Radio Active Man</em> started playing guitar aged nine and then proceeded<br />
through his teenage years to join various local bands until he discovered the joys of Acid House and rave in the early 90&#8217;s, which culminated in the rave that took place at Castlemorton. After this scene died down a bit he started to frequent legendary clubs like the Drum Club, Sabresonic, and Full Circle where he met Jagz Kooner and Andrew Weatherall of Sabres of Paradise. Using<br />
the minimal knowledge of studios and a keen ear, he did the front of house sound for the Sabres on their support tour with Primal Scream in 1995. Through his now ten years partnership with Andrew Weatherall as Two Lone Swordsmen, Keith released 4 albums as well as countless EP&#8217;s and 12&#8217;s. As Radio Active Man, Keith recorded 2 albums, &#8216;Radioactive Man&#8217; and &#8216;Booby Trap&#8217; on Rotters Golf Club, and various EP&#8217;s, inc. &#8216;The Uranium EP&#8217; and &#8216;Dive and Lie Wrecked&#8217;. The third album entitled &#8216;Growl&#8217; will be out in autumn 2006 also on Rotters Golf Club while a 12&#8243; will be out on his own label, Control Tower, in Sept 06. Control Tower has started in 99 with fellow cohort Simon Srown, a.k.a The Dexorcist. Keith&#8217;s DJing has taken him all over the planet including Tokyo, New York, San Francisco, Istanbul, Budapest, Barcelona, Rome or Paris. His DJ style is underground dancing music taking in Electro, Breaks, Techno and Drum n&#8217; Bass.</p>
<p>Based in west London, <strong><a href="http://www.douglasbenford.co.uk">Douglas Benford</a></strong> has been releasing his digital music under the alias <em>SI-CUT.DB</em> (and other guises) since 1991, with seven albums released under this moniker. His soundscapes range from microsound and electronica to dub. Benford has released music on labels F?llt, Bip Hop, BackGround, Highpoint Lowlife and 12K, as well as works on Mutek Rec, Warp and Wire magazine compilations, performing at internationally at MUTEK &#038; New Forms (Canada), Ars Electronica, Nokialab (Moscow), Transmediale, Lovebytes, Synch (Athens), Sintesi (Naples), Dis-patch (Belgrade) Sightsonic (York, as part as the Touch label 25 performances), Transit (Switzerland) festivals amongst other events. In the last two years Benford has been nominated and short-listed in both the QWARTZ (twice) awards in France, and the Arts Foundation (London). His Collaborators include Scanner, Rechenzentrum, Janek Schaefer, Iris Garrelfs, and currently Stephan Mathieu, Granny&#8217;Ark and Benge [as Tennis]. Benford&#8217;s current approach to his work tends to be generative, employing morphing source techniques, from improvised acoustic, analogue &#038; field recordings. Benford and has also been a co-curator of Sprawl music events and label for over eleven years, as well as founding the Suburbs Of Hell and Pantunes labels.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://transition.turbulence.org/networked_music_review/2007/05/25/live-stage-tate-modern-london/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
	</channel>
</rss>
